(Reuters) – A surge in global demand for electric cars (EV) is motivating automakers like Tesla (NASDAQ) Inc, Volkswagen(DE:) Stellantis NV and Volkswagen (DE:) to obtain raw materials for the production of batteries.

Here are some deals that major automakers made with miners and suppliers:

TESLA 01-Mar-2022Core Lithium will supply up to 110,000 dry metric tonnes of Spodumene concentrate, a chief source of lithium, over four years, starting in the second half of 2023, from an Australian project.

01-Nov-2021

China’s Ganfeng Lithium Co will be supplying battery-grade Lithium for three years, starting 2022. Volumes weren’t disclosed. Ganfeng ranks third among the largest global suppliers of lithium. 22. Juli 2021 Australia’s BHP (NYSE: ) will import nickel from BHP’s Western Australian plants. Not disclosed: Quantity and timing.

VOLKSWAGEN

08-Dec-2021

Vulcan Energy Resources will supply lithium hydroxide over five years, starting in 2026. Vulcan is a geothermal source of lithium in Germany’s Upper Rhine Valley.

8 Dec 2021 Umicore, a Belgian chemical company, will supply the cathode material for VW European batteries cell factories in a joint venture. In 2025, it will begin production at VW’s Salzgitter plant with 20 gigawatt hour (GWh).

STELLANTIS, NV

29-Nov-2021Preliminary deal with Vulcan Energy Resources for lithium produced using geothermal energy from Germany. Vulcan will provide between 81,000 to 99,000 tonnes battery-grade lithium hydroxide over five years, beginning in 2026.

RENAULT SA 21 Nov-2021

Vulcan Energy Resources plans to supply between 26,000 and 32,000 tonnes of battery-grade lithium chemical chemicals in the six-year beginning 2026. 08-Oct-2021

MoU to supply nickel-sulphate with Terrafame, an Finnish cobalt, nickel, and nickel miner. Not disclosed are the quantities and timeframe. (t.ly/iRZm)

TOYOTA MOTOR CORP

04-Oct-2021

BHP Group Ltd supplies nickel sulphate, from Western Australia, to a joint venture for battery production. Toyota Motor (NYSE:), and Panasonic (OTC. We have not provided any details.

GENERAL MOTORS

02-Jul-2021

GM is making a multimillion-dollar investment in Controlled Thermal Resources Ltd’s Hell’s Kitchen geothermal water brine plant near California’s Salton Sea. It could produce 60,000 tonnes (enough to create approximately 6,000,000 EVs) by the middle of 2024.

FORD

22-Sept-2021

Redwood, a startup (NYSE:) Materials partners to create a closed loop or circular supply chain of electric vehicle batteries. This includes raw materials through to recycling.