(Reuters) – A spike in global demand for electric cars (EV) is motivating automakers like Tesla (NASDAQ) Inc, Volkswagen(DE:) Stellantis NV and Volkswagen (DE:) to obtain raw materials for the production of batteries.

Here are some deals that major automakers made with miners and suppliers:

TESLA 01-Mar-2022Core Lithium will supply up to 110,000 dry metric tonnes of Spodumene concentrate, a chief source of lithium, over four years, starting in the second half of 2023, from an Australian project.

01-Nov-2021

China’s Ganfeng lithium Co will provide battery-grade lithium starting in 2022. Volumes weren’t disclosed. Ganfeng ranks third among the largest global suppliers of lithium. 22 July 2021 Australia’s BHP group (NYSE:) will purchase nickel from BHP plants in Western Australia. Not disclosed: Quantities and timing.

VOLKSWAGEN

08-Dec-2021

Vulcan Energy Resources will supply lithium hydroxide over five years, starting in 2026. Vulcan uses geothermal resources in Germany’s Upper Rhine Valley to extract lithium.

8 Dec 2021 Umicore, a Belgian chemical company, will supply the cathode material for VW European batteries cell factories in a joint venture. In 2025, it will begin production at VW’s Salzgitter plant with 20 gigawatt hour (GWh).

STELLANTIS, NV

29-Nov-2021Preliminary deal with Vulcan Energy Resources for lithium produced using geothermal energy from Germany. Vulcan will provide between 81,000 to 99,000 tonnes battery-grade lithium hydroxide over five years, beginning in 2026.

RENAULT SA 21 – Nov-2021

Vulcan Energy Resources plans to supply between 26,000 and 32,000 metric tons of lithium chemical batteries for the six-year start 2026. 08-Oct-2021

MoU signed with Terrafame (a Finnish cobalt and nickel miner) to supply nickel sulfurate. The timeline and quantities are not yet disclosed. (t.ly/iRZm)

TOYOTA MOTOR COMPANY

04-Oct-2021

BHP Group Ltd supplies nickel sulphate, from Western Australia, to a joint venture for battery production. Toyota Motor (NYSE 🙂 and Panasonic OTC : The details were not revealed.

GENERAL MOTORS

12-April-2022

Miner Glencore PLC, (OTC-:) PLC, will supply cobalt that it has sourced from Murrin Murrin, Australia. It will be used by GM’s Ultium cathodes which power the Chevrolet Silverado EV. GMC Hummer EV. Cadillac Lyriq. The details were not revealed.

02-Jul-2021

GM will invest a multimillion dollar in Controlled Thermal Resources Ltd’s Hell’s Kitchen geothermal salt project. It could produce 60,000 tonnes (enough to create approximately 6,000,000 EVs) by the middle of 2024.

FORD

11-Apr-2022

Ford will purchase lithium from Lake Resources NL in Argentina. Ford aims to acquire 25,000 tonnes each year of the white metal from Lake Kachi in northern Argentina.

22-Sept-2021

Redwood (NYSE) Material Partners to establish a “closed-loop” supply chain or circular supply for electric vehicle battery components, starting from raw materials and ending with recycling.